Methods of Syncing Song Tempo to Performance Parameters ======================================================= (1) If you are using a sample looped patch as from either the Dance (patches 8-57) or B&D (patches 115-128) board, their "Owner's Manuals" included charts on how to use pitch, and RPN coarse and fine tuning settings to control tempo WITHOUT requiring sysex. (2) On the other hand if you want LFO 1 and/or 2's Ext Clock Sync set to MIDI for an external MIDI Sync provided from a sequencer for tempo control, then the use of the SYSTEM/MIDI/CLOCK setting (on the JV) or the SYSTEM/SEQ/CLOCK setting (on the XPs) along with the PERFORMANCE/EDIT/COMMON/CLOCK/Source setting is required. (3) There are also realtime EFX parameter controls of different RATES for the following EFX: LFO 7: Auto-Wah Tremolo 12: Tremelo-Chorus Chorus 13: SPACE-D Chorus 14: Stereo-Chorus LFO 15: Stereo-Flanger Step 16: Step-Flanger Modulation 18: Modulation-Delay ALL of the rates have the range from: 0.05 to 4.95 Hz in 0.05 Hz steps 5.0 to 6.9 Hz in 0.1 Hz steps 7.0 to 10.0 Hz in 0.5 Hz steps To relate to TEMPO, the decision as to the division of the beat to sync to is critical. The general formulas then can be computed from the following, based on the fact that a one beat per minute (BPM) tempo (beat/pulse) uses a 1 Hz (cycle per second) delay (i.e. Delay time = 60/BPM). Note that this relationship is INVERSELY proportional, i.e. as Tempo INCREASES, the Herz delay between beats/pulses DECREASES. Given a Herz rate, to determine the Tempo to "sync" to it at "just" the beat/pulse level (that is, the "quarter" note), then: Tempo = 60/Herz Therefore, to determine Herz: Herz = 60/Tempo (Obviously, Tempo and Herz should NEVER equal ZERO or the divisions won't be allowed .) For example, assume you want a quarter note (beat/pulse) sync for the Tempo of 60 BPM. Using the formula: Herz = 60/60 = 1 Hz For some "practical" eigth note subdivisions simply treat the Tempo as equal to doubled its "normal" value. Do likewise for other duple divisions, and use tripled values for tuplet values. The following chart is a COMPLETE list of all JV/XP variable rate settings. An example use for the chart is to determine the "sync" Hz Rate for a given Song's Tempo of 120 BPM for which you want a "disco/trance/jungle/whatever" rhythmic pulse at the 16th note level . The chart shows that an actual Tempo of 480 would be needed to cross-reference for the actual Hz rate required which in this case would be "between" .10 and .15 (600 and 400 BPM respectively). Since I'd assume you'd prefer an EXACT pulse/beat, adjusting the Song's Tempo is the best, and in the JV/XP's case, the ONLY solution. Therefore the values in Tempo Column One are the DETERMINING factors of what can be used for such "subdivision" pulse/beats. In this case, the closer ACTUAL song Tempo (at the BPM level) of 150 BPM (for the .10 Hz sixteenth pulse) or 100 BPM (for the .20 Hz sixteenth pulse), otherwise the .05 Hz sixteenth pulse would require a Tempo of (1200/4) 300 BPM or the .25 Hz pulse would require (240/4) 60 BPM. ========================================= MIDI Sync Rates for Tempo Control in Herz Formula Herz = 60 / Tempo Tempo = 60 / Herz Variable 0.05 to 4.95 Hz in 0.05 Hz steps Rates 5.0 to 6.9 Hz in 0.1 Hz steps for the JV/XP: 7.0 to 10.0 Hz in 0.5 Hz steps Herz Tempos for variable beat/pulse values Rates 4th 8thTr 8th 16thTr 16th 0.05 1200.00 1800.00 2400.00 3600.00 4800.00 0.10 600.00 900.00 1200.00 1800.00 2400.00 0.15 400.00 600.00 800.00 1200.00 1600.00 0.20 300.00 450.00 600.00 900.00 1200.00 0.25 240.00 360.00 480.00 720.00 960.00 0.30 200.00 300.00 400.00 600.00 800.00 0.35 171.43 257.14 342.86 514.29 685.71 0.40 150.00 225.00 300.00 450.00 600.00 0.45 133.33 200.00 266.67 400.00 533.33 0.50 120.00 180.00 240.00 360.00 480.00 0.55 109.09 163.64 218.18 327.27 436.36 0.60 100.00 150.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 0.65 92.31 138.46 184.62 276.92 369.23 0.70 85.71 128.57 171.43 257.14 342.86 0.75 80.00 120.00 160.00 240.00 320.00 0.80 75.00 112.50 150.00 225.00 300.00 0.85 70.59 105.88 141.18 211.76 282.35 0.90 66.67 100.00 133.33 200.00 266.67 0.95 63.16 94.74 126.32 189.47 252.63 1.00 60.00 90.00 120.00 180.00 240.00 1.05 57.14 85.71 114.29 171.43 228.57 1.10 54.55 81.82 109.09 163.64 218.18 1.15 52.17 78.26 104.35 156.52 208.70 1.20 50.00 75.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 1.25 48.00 72.00 96.00 144.00 192.00 1.30 46.15 69.23 92.31 138.46 184.62 1.35 44.44 66.67 88.89 133.33 177.78 1.40 42.86 64.29 85.71 128.57 171.43 1.45 41.38 62.07 82.76 124.14 165.52 1.50 40.00 60.00 80.00 120.00 160.00 1.55 38.71 58.06 77.42 116.13 154.84 1.60 37.50 56.25 75.00 112.50 150.00 1.65 36.36 54.55 72.73 109.09 145.45 1.70 35.29 52.94 70.59 105.88 141.18 1.75 34.29 51.43 68.57 102.86 137.14 1.80 33.33 50.00 66.67 100.00 133.33 1.85 32.43 48.65 64.86 97.30 129.73 1.90 31.58 47.37 63.16 94.74 126.32 1.95 30.77 46.15 61.54 92.31 123.08 2.00 30.00 45.00 60.00 90.00 120.00 2.05 29.27 43.90 58.54 87.80 117.07 2.10 28.57 42.86 57.14 85.71 114.29 2.15 27.91 41.86 55.81 83.72 111.63 2.20 27.27 40.91 54.55 81.82 109.09 2.25 26.67 40.00 53.33 80.00 106.67 2.30 26.09 39.13 52.17 78.26 104.35 2.35 25.53 38.30 51.06 76.60 102.13 2.40 25.00 37.50 50.00 75.00 100.00 2.45 24.49 36.73 48.98 73.47 97.96 2.50 24.00 36.00 48.00 72.00 96.00 2.55 23.53 35.29 47.06 70.59 94.12 2.60 23.08 34.62 46.15 69.23 92.31 2.65 22.64 33.96 45.28 67.92 90.57 2.70 22.22 33.33 44.44 66.67 88.89 2.75 21.82 32.73 43.64 65.45 87.27 2.80 21.43 32.14 42.86 64.29 85.71 2.85 21.05 31.58 42.11 63.16 84.21 2.90 20.69 31.03 41.38 62.07 82.76 2.95 20.34 30.51 40.68 61.02 81.36 3.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 3.05 19.67 29.51 39.34 59.02 78.69 3.10 19.35 29.03 38.71 58.06 77.42 3.15 19.05 28.57 38.10 57.14 76.19 3.20 18.75 28.13 37.50 56.25 75.00 3.25 18.46 27.69 36.92 55.38 73.85 3.30 18.18 27.27 36.36 54.55 72.73 3.35 17.91 26.87 35.82 53.73 71.64 3.40 17.65 26.47 35.29 52.94 70.59 3.45 17.39 26.09 34.78 52.17 69.57 3.50 17.14 25.71 34.29 51.43 68.57 3.55 16.90 25.35 33.80 50.70 67.61 3.60 16.67 25.00 33.33 50.00 66.67 3.65 16.44 24.66 32.88 49.32 65.75 3.70 16.22 24.32 32.43 48.65 64.86 3.75 16.00 24.00 32.00 48.00 64.00 3.80 15.79 23.68 31.58 47.37 63.16 3.85 15.58 23.38 31.17 46.75 62.34 3.90 15.38 23.08 30.77 46.15 61.54 3.95 15.19 22.78 30.38 45.57 60.76 4.00 15.00 22.50 30.00 45.00 60.00 4.05 14.81 22.22 29.63 44.44 59.26 4.10 14.63 21.95 29.27 43.90 58.54 4.15 14.46 21.69 28.92 43.37 57.83 4.20 14.29 21.43 28.57 42.86 57.14 4.25 14.12 21.18 28.24 42.35 56.47 4.30 13.95 20.93 27.91 41.86 55.81 4.35 13.79 20.69 27.59 41.38 55.17 4.40 13.64 20.45 27.27 40.91 54.55 4.45 13.48 20.22 26.97 40.45 53.93 4.50 13.33 20.00 26.67 40.00 53.33 4.55 13.19 19.78 26.37 39.56 52.75 4.60 13.04 19.57 26.09 39.13 52.17 4.65 12.90 19.35 25.81 38.71 51.61 4.70 12.77 19.15 25.53 38.30 51.06 4.75 12.63 18.95 25.26 37.89 50.53 4.80 12.50 18.75 25.00 37.50 50.00 4.85 12.37 18.56 24.74 37.11 49.48 4.90 12.24 18.37 24.49 36.73 48.98 4.95 12.12 18.18 24.24 36.36 48.48 5.00 12.00 18.00 24.00 36.00 48.00 5.10 11.76 17.65 23.53 35.29 47.06 5.20 11.54 17.31 23.08 34.62 46.15 5.30 11.32 16.98 22.64 33.96 45.28 5.40 11.11 16.67 22.22 33.33 44.44 5.50 10.91 16.36 21.82 32.73 43.64 5.60 10.71 16.07 21.43 32.14 42.86 5.70 10.53 15.79 21.05 31.58 42.11 5.80 10.34 15.52 20.69 31.03 41.38 5.90 10.17 15.25 20.34 30.51 40.68 6.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 6.10 9.84 14.75 19.67 29.51 39.34 6.20 9.68 14.52 19.35 29.03 38.71 6.30 9.52 14.29 19.05 28.57 38.10 6.40 9.38 14.06 18.75 28.13 37.50 6.50 9.23 13.85 18.46 27.69 36.92 6.60 9.09 13.64 18.18 27.27 36.36 6.70 8.96 13.43 17.91 26.87 35.82 6.80 8.82 13.24 17.65 26.47 35.29 6.90 8.70 13.04 17.39 26.09 34.78 7.00 8.57 12.86 17.14 25.71 34.29 7.50 8.00 12.00 16.00 24.00 32.00 8.00 7.50 11.25 15.00 22.50 30.00 8.50 7.06 10.59 14.12 21.18 28.24 9.00 6.67 10.00 13.33 20.00 26.67 9.50 6.32 9.47 12.63 18.95 25.26 10.00 6.00 9.00 12.00 18.00 24.00 =============================================== (4) Besides these, various other Delay Time EFX parameters can be set to be in sync with the current tempo via sysex if needed for updates. This subject of the tempo syncing of tone/patch/performance/EFX parameters is an INCREDIBLY useful subject for better use in songs for "absolute" rhythmic control. I HOPE others will do more toward using such ideas in their songs. Again, however, I recommend, because of MIDI bandwith concerns, "syncing" the song playback tempo with the "internal" synth's clock as the better alternative to using MIDI Clock sync. ALL of the EFX Delay Time parameters use the same range of values which are: 0 to 4.9 ms in 0.1 ms steps 5.0 to 9.5 ms in 0.5 ms steps 10 to 39 ms in 1 ms steps 40 to 290 ms in 10 ms steps 300 to 500 ms in 20 ms steps Since ms (milliseconds) are related to Herz by the equation 1000 ms = 1 Hz, the previous formulas can also be applied for similar "synced" results. For example, 0.1 ms equals 0.0001 Hz which equals a (BPM) Tempo of 600,000! -- for which a duple or tuple multiple SUBdivision could be practical such as tempos of 73.24/146.48/292.96 for duplet "feels" or 109.86/219.73 for tuplet "feels". Although such a "sync" relationship may not be apparent, I suggest that they are "felt" by the the listenner as a tempo nuance parameter that can be related if "bothered" to by the composer. 500 ms equals .5 Hz which equals a (BPM) Tempo of 120. Since this is already in a more "practical" range, the chart above can directly be applied. Benjamin Tubb brtubb@cybertron.com http://www.cybertron.com/~brtubb "Music creates order out of chaos; for rhythm imposes unanimity upon the divergent, melody imposes continuity upon the disjoin- ted, and harmony imposes compatibility upon the incongruous." - Yehudi Menuhin, from "Theme and Variations"