Piano Emulation with Panning/Reverb
===================================

Although one track/channel devoted to piano playback may be sufficient in a
dense MIDI score, a solo piano score can be made much more realistic by as a
minimum splitting tracks/channels by left and right hands, and best of all by
note ranges. For example, consider the following suggestions:

Piano
=====
+-----------------+
| By Playing Hand |
+-----------------+
                                   Panning    Reverb
                                   =======    ======
Left hand ("generic" low notes)       32        48
Right hand ("generic" high notes)     96        32

+-------------+
| Note Ranges |
+-------------+

*Ignoring Channel 10 due to typical "dedicated" use for Drums only
C4=Middle C (MIDI Note 60)

Channel  128 Notes  88 Keys   76 Keys   61 Keys   Panning/Reverb
 1-16*   C-1 - G9   A0-C8     E1-G7     C2-C7     (0-127)  
         (0-127)    (21-108)  (28-103)  (36-96)     
======== =========  ========  ========  =======   =======
   1       0-7       21-26     33-37     36-39        3
   2       8-15      27-32     38-42     40-43       11
   3      16-23      33-28     43-47     44-47       19 
   4      24-31      39-44     48-52     48-51       28
   5      32-39      45-50     53-57     52-55       37
   6      40-47      51-56     58-62     56-59       46
   7      48-55      57-62     63-67     60-63       55
   8      56-63      63-68     68-72     64-67       64
   9      64-71      69-74     73-77     68-71       73
  11      72-79      75-80     78-82     72-75       82
  12      80-87      81-86     83-87     76-79       91
  13      88-95      87-92     88-92     80-83      100
  14      96-113     93-98     93-97     84-87      108 
  15     114-121     99-101    98-102    88-91      116
  16     122-127    102-108   103-108    92-96      126

For convenience, here is a MIDI Note to Pitch Octave chart.
*60 = Middle C,  #=used by Roland and the National Standards Institute

     Octave#  
Note|-1  0   1   2   3   4    5   6    7    8    9
====|== ==  ==  ==  ==  ==   ==  ==  ===  ===  ===
C    0  12  24  36  48  60*  72  84   96  108  120
C#   1  13  25  37  49  61   73  85   97  109  121
D    2  14  26  38  50  62   74  86   98  110  122
D#   3  15  27  39  51  63   75  87   99  111  123
E    4  16  28  40  52  64   76  88  100  112  124
F    5  17  29  41  53  65   77  89  101  113  125
F#   6  18  30  42  54  66   78  90  102  114  126
G    7  19  31  43  55  67   79  91  103  115  127
G#   8  20  32  44  56  68   80  92  104  116
A    9  21  33  45  57  69   81  93  105  117
A#  10  22  34  46  58  70   82  94  106  118
B   11  23  35  47  59  71   83  95  107  119 

For a brief frequency range comparison of octaves, based on the tuning of A
(MIDI Note 69)=440Hz, for A, they are:

Pitch   Frequency in Herz
=====   =================
A0             27.5
A1             55
A2            110
A3            220
A4            440
A5            880
A6           1760
A7           3520
A8           7040

Benjamin Tubb
brtubb@cybertron.com
http://www.cybertron.com/~brtubb